Summary Details on Information Management

The tarradiddle aims to address the issue of development management inwardly Lanway. Information, whitethorn feel is the just ab knocked out(p) big election either squargon has, yet m both trustys have no taste sensation of the cost, respect or importance of the entropy they hold.By first outlining the steps and detectings of an training scrutinize carried out at bottom the debauched, conclusions be indeed careworn as to what measures should be enquiren in aver to increase the durability of Lanways discipline usage.The measures suggested are outlined in detail, with recommendations of two hardware and package programme. The report as well as establishes the claim for information and for a party information scheme highlighting the importance of aligning such(prenominal)(prenominal) a strategy with the over self-colored credit line plan.Lanway Corporate Business Sy understructures began trading in 1985 from a elflike market st all on Burnley mar ket. Selling games only for the Spectrum lead of computers (the close popular at that time) it began to build up a regular customer base. The unwavering continued in this way, until 1991 where the admittance of the personal computer conduct to a change in crossroad and business activity.With the introduction of some(prenominal) advanced hardware and software, Lanway was now in a position to correct and sell its own PCs. By moving into its own premises, the firm was now able to train substantial profit margins by mental synthesis and pre-configuring a small be adrift of machines. Lanway began to trade with otherwise firms in 1994, at which point they were forced to expand both their existing premises and rung. They also began to diversify, moving into in the raw areas such as net puzzle outing technologies, the cyber quad and more specialized hardware and software.Lanway reliablely has a turnover of approximately 5 unmatched million million and over 40 mental fa culty, both of which are expected to continue in growth. They manufacture around 200 PCs per week, all(prenominal) contrary in model, make and special(prenominal)ation. The union classes itself in the batch manufacturing bracket.At present, the firm disregard be split into 5 de let outments. Sales, Accounts, Net encountering, Repairs and finally Production or Workshop. The firm is completely earningsed use a mixture of Microsoft and Novell technologies. Individual profits admission and email is gettable to all employees. every last(predicate) hardware and software configuration work is carried out in-house.Because the firm has grown in the bearing that it has, many of the systems and functions in use have grown from a tramp up fashion, as opposed to a more strategic teetotum level approach. Initial observations would suggest that information management inwardly the firm does non differ from this.An information audit is the perspicacity of the information held by an agency and of its information activities. (Australian Audit Commission 1999).The purpose of an information audit is to assess, not only what types and levels of information a firm may hold, just how well it meets the needs of the company. Different components of information may already be controlled, such as naming conventions or security passwords, but in nigh cases firms have little understanding of the relevancy, cost or value of the information they hold.Therefore in evidence to ensure that all pertinent areas were covered, a statuesque plan was first drawn up. To ensure that efficacious conclusions could be drawn, the objectives and scope of the audit were assessed. These includedWhat types of information sources exist testicle documentation was then designed, in order to primary(prenominal)tain a coherent theme by all involved. This too added to usefulness of the findings. Finally an assessment of the overall findings was carried out, to ensure that all anomalies an d incoherent information could be accounted for. altogether then, based upon the findings were recommendations produced.After analysis of Lanways occurrent run environment and business activities, the following information sources were identifiedStock and Accounts database maintained by the homogeneous systemData workshopd within the emails ranged from price lists, customer account expound, upstart price quotes and specific harvest enquires. These were also combined with a range of personal emails, both from internal and external sources.Each employee, upon starting work was given a secure email box, from which they are able to light messages to both internal and external sources. Each email box requires drug user authentication, however network administrators are granted rights to open any mailbox within the system.Here we immediately call problems with regards to both information handiness and security. Because only that user has gate to the mailbox, no other emplo yee is able to access, what may be at time critical information. Security and data faithfulness is also compromised, as the email master of ceremonies also acts as the firewall server, and as such is open to internet attacks. It is also at the employees discretion whether they gaze to delete messages stored within their inbox, messages which may prove later to hold important or even critical information. Once an email has been deleted, it is almost unaccepted to retrieve it.Lanway rely heavily on the internet and the features it delivers. This includes company carrefour specifications, product jut sites, private business partner resources, online databases and current tidings information. Lanway also have direct links to suppliers via the World Wide Web, thereby creating treble extranets.Every departmental manager within Lanway classed the internet within their tercet most important resources. This in itself shows the importance of the role it plays in todays business mar ket. For firms such as Lanway, it is the fastest and most efficient way of obtaining up to the date and accurate (in the most part) information and offers the best cost/benefit trade off.However the internet brings with it, from an informational purview point, a host of inherent problems and issues. Lanway, like many other firms suffers from this.In most cases, staff were un aware(predicate) of many of these, and as such the fictitious character of information suffered. The accuracy of the information incurd is on the most part never checked, and in some cases was then stored to be used for hereafter reference. No guidelines exist as to whether only official websites were to be used, nor had any training be given on effectively using the internet itself.No one information store was available, in which staff could accomplish data collected, such as URLs or product catalogues, and in some cases, staff were not aware extranet facilities existed. As such, each respective(prenomin al) employee held their own specific ideas and information on using the internet and in many cases time was wasted performing repetitive tasks and retrieving duplicate information.Once again, because the sharing of information was minimal, the speed and accuracy of the data received was greatly reduced.Both of the above databases are stored on the wise system and as such are integrated. The stock system contains records not only of items currently in stock, but also previous purchases, dates and times with regards to stock control and trend analysis data. The accounts system contains all data concerned with maintaining and running the company accounts, combined with company payroll and sales transactions.Unlike the previous stores, information held within these systems is not designed to be shared. To access each area the user moldiness have the required level of authority. This is simply for security and privacy reasons ie. Only certain members of staff can be given access to payroll.Information held within both systems is critical to the running of the business, without it is impossible for any business activity to take place. all(a) the data held within the system maintains it validity and integrity because it is the main transactional system within the firm.The database is currently accessed using a Bespoke coating built in house called COSMOS, using access database tables as its base. The program requires user authentication, however all user names and passwords are stored in an access database table which can be opened directly from the network drive. As such security within the system is minimal.The system has been in use for over 8 years and once again suffers from a bottom up approach design. The accuracy of the data is compromised because no formal checks or guidelines exist as to what may be entered in to the system. The security aspect also tutelages to increase this problem. Duplicate records and anomalies are leafy vegetable place.The age of the system also hinders its accessibility. Although every employee is granted access, many find the system prone to crashes or incorrect record retrieval, again a time wasting activity. Some sales executives said they used their individual Outlook address book to keep their account information, the main reasons creation increased speed, reliability and security.All employees of Lanway are given individual folders on the main Novell server. Using an advanced system of authentication, only that employee may access their folder. Other users folders are hidden from view accept to system administrators. All word tender documents are stored on in this folder, technological foul staff store product information and essential applications here. Employees are advised to store all other important documents here as the system is indorse up on a regular basis.The accuracy of the data stored within here is not of real consequence to the firm, more to the individual employee, who in themsel ves are responsible for the task. However, once again the issue of information handiness becomes a problem. For technical staff, important information and applications are hidden international from other members, whereas sales staff are unable to gain access to colleagues quotes if required without the assistance of an administrator. All network administrators are regularly out of the office on customer callouts.Product catalogues written documentsDue to the temper of Lanways business activity, the range of products sold goes beyond vast and continues to increase by the day. Because of this the firm receives numerous literature on a daily basis. No formal filing system exists, all booklets are thrown onto reduplicate desks, or kept by the employee whom it was addressed to. Again issues regarding the availability and relevance of the information are brought into question. Important reference material or current intelligence articles and magazines therefore become unavailable, si mply because most employees do not know they exist.It is clear from the above findings, that although Lanway holds and has access to a vast tally of data and information, its overall management of the resource is poor. As such these issues moldiness be addressed when deciding on an information policy and the productive implementation of a Information Service.In order to address these issues, Lanway must first define its information policy. Many of the problems identified earlier stem from a lack of strategic planning, thereby creating inappropriate systems and methods. As such this policy must be aligned with the overall business one and all new systems must serve only to strengthen this.From the findings of the audit, it can be observed that the sharing of information is a critical issue. oft of data stored is only available to certain employees and it is at that employees discretion how the information should be stored.The recommendation is to introduce a controlled informatio n environment where the main aim is information sharing throughout the company. This includes not only ensuring all information is freely available, but employees are specifically informed more or less policy changes and new developments.Hickie argues that an information rich organisation is a triple-crown organisation. This may be accredited in part, however it is the management of this information which enables the firms success.Therefore in order to ensure each employee has access to pertinent information, such needs should be broken down on a departmental basis. However a significant overlap appears and as such information that is suitable for one department may certainly aid other departments needs Internal company information this can range from employee guidelines, holiday availability, new company policy or even company car arrangements. Latest news and technology stories information on current market trends, predicted advancements and current vendors strategies Produc t specifications this includes lists of available types of both hardware and software, the features they deliver and the situations they best suit. Current pricing catalogues the IT industry is perhaps the most high-voltage of all. As such, products and components prices can change on a daily basis. In order to offer competitive prices, sales executives must be aware of this. Competitor information this may include current pricing or product strategies, financial information and company background. New accounting product releases only accounts staff depart be able to judge the specialty of new accounts software. As such it is vital that they are able to make an informed decision. Current accounting news and new practices vital for any accounting department wishing to maintain a competitive edge. such sources also provide help and advice on new practices Technical support information this may be product specific or ecumenic tips and usage information Product updates essen tial applications vital for current systems. As new releases and service packs are issued, this department is responsible for customer receive the right components. Product driver banks due to the large number of products sold, networking employees need access to all drivers concerned with these in order to provide and effective service. Past problems customer specific many problems encountered and repetitive Hardware specific manuals the repairs department are concerned for with hardware failure than software. As such different hardware and configuration manuals are required.As can be seen from the above findings, many of the information sources required by departments overlap with others. This benefits the company from a cost point of view as departments may then share these resources.Implementing the information serviceWithin Lanway, two main types of information exist, electronic and paper. Therefore in order to effectively use these resources, they must be managed in a way that best allows them to be accessed.All brochure documents received are to be immediately filed in new filing cabinets situated on the sales floor simply because space exists there for them. Each publication is to be filed in alphabetical order under the company heading, with a post it note stapled onto it, giving details of the date it was first entered and which employee was responsible for it.The filing cabinets should be reviewed on a 3 month basis and any duplicate/old data should be removed and shredded.Two types of electronic information exist within Lanway internal and external sources. However in order to provide a consistent theme, employees should be able to interface both in the resembling way. The simplest and most effective method of achieving this is by using web technologies.The internet has evolved over the last 5 years as one of the most important factors for successful business and is continuing to do so. A whole range of resources can be obtained via the inte rnet, including searchable online databases, intelligent problem solving systems and other business tools. It would therefore be unwise to attempt to find option means of accessing the required data, when the technology already exists and is free for any firm to use.The current network at Lanway all 100mb allow remain intact, as this is currently the latest and most cost effective technology available for firms of this size. The internet connection get out be upgraded to ASDL from ISDN, therefore lowering operating costs and improving speed.The first step for Lanway impart be introduction of an intranet. This pull up stakes be hosted on a new Microsoft Web server It impart be via this that all electronic information will be accessed, including the internet itself. The online news stories will taken from Silicon.com, a free online news resource specifically designed for IT firms. Each user will be given a specific user name and password, so that their entryway page may be d o-to-order to their individual needs.The accounts department will gain their current news and information from Accounting.net, a leading American accounting resource. Once again, the service is free and can be tailored to individuals needs. Both will be accessed via the intranet through absolute URLs created via Active Scripting when users first log on to the Lanway system.All internal company information will be posted on the website, and employees should be made aware of new data through the use of email. An internal card list will serve this purpose.Technical support information will be obtained via vendors own websites and subscriptions to Microsoft Technet Novell Support Connection , Symantec Support and 3COM Utilities. The latter sources are comprised of compact disc read-only memorys which arrive on a monthly basis. As such it is recommended that Virtual Drive is purchased, thereby eliminating the need from a CD-ROM network server. Instead, all contents can be copied to the hard drives, creating multiple virtual CD-ROM drives. This improves performance and network reliability.Three new databases are to be set up using SQL server as the base. They will be accessed using web browsers. The first will contain all necessary links to internal applications storage required by technical employees and will also include a brief description of the uses for each application. The second will contain detailed hardware manuals, which if necessary will be scanned in from paper or written by departmental heads. The third will contain past problems related to customer accounts including hardware, software and individual configuration issues.All of the above systems will be full searchable using CGI scripting via the web browser on all fields contained within the database offering a choice of title, topic of keyword to search on. All employees will be given full access to the databases, however only technical staff will be given rights to add to the system. Again check s on the information stored on to be carried out on a three monthly basis.Information is of key importance to any firm, and that is especially true of Lanway. Because of the nature of the business and the products sold, it is vital that the information stored within the internal systems is accurate, pertinent and accessible by all employees.By implementing the steps outlined above, many of these issues should be addressed. However it is up-to the company as how successfully they are implemented. Employees will need to be made aware how important the new systems and the new policies that have been introduced are. Only then will the firm begin to see benefits.The costs incurred in this project are minimal, simply because all work can be carried out in house and all products purchased at almost cost, although formal training is certainly recommended something which will need to be outsourced. The new intranet should help to increase the distribution of information and the consistent vogue in which employees are able to access the information should in the abundant term help the new systems to be used effectively.In order to ensure that Lanway obtains the required results, an information audit should be carried out on a yearly basis thereby identifying any problems that have travel from implementation of were overlooked on previous audits.

Incentive Parameters for Salesmen in Leading FMCG Companies

The Fast woful Consumer Goods (FMCG) industry is unrivaled among the fast growing industries with consumers everywhere. Fast Moving consumer goods or consumer packaged goods are products that are sold quickly at comparatively low cost. Though the absolute profit make on FMCG products is relatively small, they are generally sold in large quantities, and so the additive profit on such products can be substantial. Salesmen p dumbfound a critical role in any FMCG industry and for that matter in any industry, a salesmans role is critical.The efficiency of the product is inconstant if the salesmen are inefficient. This calls for ener canalic salesmen whoare efficient. The average qualification of salesmen are limited to schooling. intimately of the salesmen are school dropouts. Unlike the well qualified, with these salesmen the demand for ambiance, infrastructure and a conducive work environment are the least preferred. Monetary benefits are the driving force. The monetary benefits include salary, allowance and inducement.Out of these, only inducement is the most critical and variable factor. The incentive being linked to the salesmens performance and the attractive incentive provided by these FMCG giants, is the only reason why most men still stick on to a salesmans job. The salesmen put in their heart and soul to achieve their targets and thereby get more incentive. At a point, the companies identified that the salesmen are being manipulated every by their telephoner executives or the distributors.To overcome this, to get closer to the salesmen and to possess him a sense of belongingness with the company, FMCG companies started making the incentive structure transparent. And to keep put over of the salesmens performance, the incentives were linked to parameters that help both the salesmen to work efficiently and the company to progress. Various companies use different incentive parameters. These parameters lose evolved into a more structured approach .Though the names of the parameters and their weight-age differs, they more or less check the same meaning. Working with a few leading FMCG companies, the following incentive parameters for salesmen are the most commonly practiced. Incentive Parameters 1. pure(a) Store solely the product lines are highlighted in the palmtop against the particular store pick up to be laid in the store for it to become a perfect store. 2. Perfect Day When all the stores visited in a twenty-four hours are made perfect, the day becomes a perfect day.The perfect store and perfect day parameters are based on the AC Nielsen survey data. Companies have a tie up with a consulting firm to provide them with data round the stores with regard to their company products 3. Lines Product lines are given as targets depending on the calendar months stress product and launch product 4. moldiness Stock List Must stock list or the MSL form is where the salesmen are instructed to compulsorily stock a particular product line at particular stores or all the stores depending on the requirement.As discussed above, the focus products may or may not accompany the ECO parameter. More than one product can be given as a centralise 6. Effective Coverage Effective coverage ensures both the effective proceeds coverage and the effective product line coverage. The effective coverage or ECO parameter may or may not contain a focus product/s depending on the months accusative 7. Distributor Retail Coverage Plan (DRCP) The DRCP or simply the salesmen bilk traveled everyday is a parameter that provides for expanding the number of retail outlets. through with(predicate) this specific parameter the company ensures the addition of new outlets and the retention of the of age(p) outlets 8. Value Value targets are fixed based on the tax of the month in the previous year plus 25% pct growth 9. Lines Product lines are given as targets depending on the months focus product and launch product Apart from these, the companies lay more empahsis on communicating these parameters to the salesmen. Gone were the days where salesmen carried notebooks and pen as the saying goes, you become obsolete f you are not updated, the companies have sought to palmtops and smart phones / android phones for taking orders, scheme communications and some other related functions. With many companies entering into the market everyday, FMCG industry is becoming a very competitive environment. And with the products having a very limited shelf life, the products have to be sold at the earliest. For sales, it is mandatory for the product to be placed in the outlet. This job falls on the salesmen. And incentives are the key agent driving the salesmen. Hence, the companies must constantly evolve new incentive schemes.

Capital punishment should be abolished Essay

There are just ab let out 1,000 people sentenced to remnant because of committing grievous execration globally each year(Rogers,2012,para.10). However, some countries soothe insist on implementing the death penalty or corking penalization in tell to reduce horror. In the twentieth century it is contended that value of life should be pursed, and everyone deserves the remediate to survive. For this reason, it can be contendd that capital punishment should be abolished and social unit life duress should be implemented instead. Firstly, to define heinous crime and capital punishment is important. The definition of heinous crime differs depending on the country. Generally, it relates to crimes of virtuous turpitude, which are extremely violent acts including put to death, rape, manslaughter and terrorism(Tooby,2012,para.1).In contrast, the definition of capital punishment is to a greater extent concrete. It is defined by the Oxford Dictionary(2012) as the legally important killing of someone as punishment for a crime. This includes fatal injection, lethal gas, hanging, executed by firing sqard, stoning, beheading and electrocution. This essay will argue that capital punishment is against basic human rights, secondly will spring up that criminals get under ones skin been plant to be innocent after they have been executed, third it will verify the existence of cheating(prenominal) judgments. Finally, this essay will display counterarguments that support the death penalty, victimization cases from Saudi Arabia, China and America as its exemplar to argue that capital punishment is cruel and unnecessary.To begin with, tally to The Universal Human safes Declaration(2012,para.3) Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person, in that respectfore, establish on this premise implementing capital punishment is against basic human rights. Everyone has the right to survive, no one can deprive people of this right, not in time the governme nt. Since the right of individuals is protected by law, which cannot deprive anyone arbitrarily of life (Human Right Association, 2003,para.2). Capital punishment, nonetheless, is a practice that disregards human rights. Moreover, the justice administration of rules is tempered up to prevent crime and maintain a peaceful order of magnitude (UNICEF,2003,para.7).The death penalty, however, inflicts harm upon another, which can potentially create terror in spite of appearance society (Jayashree,2010,para.7). Therefore, capital punishment seems to oppose the established justice system. worse still, some governments execute criminals in a inhuman way. For example, in Saudi Arabia, criminals are executed by beheading by sword or stoning wherby the criminals are attacked by throwing stones until they die (Moni, 2010,para.6). Therefore, capital punishment is a heinous and inhuman act of military unit that must be abolished in order to maintain a humane society with zero tolerance . other reason of opposing capital punishment is that some criminals have been name to be innocent after they had been sentenced and executed, barely they could never return. By using all in all life imprisonment, the problem brought by misjudgment can be avoided. adept example is Jiang Guoqing in Taiwan,China. He was executed in 1997 for the rape and murder of a 5-year-old girl. The body of the girl was comprise in toilet of wellbeing station staff of the Air Force Combat Command. The bureau of investigation conducted polygraph testing on all soldiers, however, only Jiang did not pass. Worse still, a toilet tissue was found in the toilet which contained combination of Jiangs body fluid and blood of girl because Jiang used toilet before. out-of-pocket to discovery of this evidence, Jiang was convicted of rape and murder.He was finally executed in 1997, but his father fought for appeal continuously due to insufficient investigation in this case. Finally, the authorities reexam ined evidence left in the case in 2001, and they found that Jiang was innocent and the killer was Huang. Eventually, the actual killer was sentenced (Tian,2011). After Jiang was executed, the reputation of his whole family was destroyed. Can a government compensate for this? The case of Jiang is just the flower of the iceberg of miscarriage of justice that occurs around the world, there were countless cases where criminals were found innocent after execution. Unfortunately, the lives of these executed innocents cannot be returned, it is definitely a crime committed by the authorities.It is commonly believed thatEveryone is equal and fair in mien of law, nevertheless, unfair judgment still exists in the legal system due to discrimination against different races and sexes in some countries. Nagin and pepper(2009) argued that The Justice system in South America is administered by same elite position structure. But justice for Blacks is vindictive and emotional, magic spell for the whites is secular and rational. The statistics also sharpen that outlet of cruddys being executed are far more than whites providing that almost same number of black and white criminals commit the crime in regards of inequality.The capital punishment record indicates that 706 persons received the death sentence since 1910, while 362, or slightly more than half, were actually executed.For the people being executed, there were 282 black males, seventy-three white males, five Indian males and two black females where the statistics was from the states that having majority of whites. (Laurence,2012,p.119)This evidence proves that Blacks have a higher chance of receiving the death penalty comparing to Whites. Also Jayashree(2010,para.6)states the poor may not have money to hire a lawyer to defend them. Thus, they have a relatively higher rate of imprisonment or even be executed. In addition, in Saudi Arabia, women face the death penalty by stoning for adultery. While it is normal f or men to marry a a couple of(prenominal) women, they do not house any legal consequence for personal business (Moni,2010, para.1).This reveals that unfair judgment exists for different sexes, different socio-economic status and different races. many a(prenominal) people think that implementing capital punishment can reduce the number of heinous crime in society due to fear of knockout punishment. While, the military issue of the death penalty in controlling crime is still doubtful. As support by Jayashree(2010,para.7) The rate of crime is forty-three share in the state that having dead penalty while only 23 percent in state that without death penalty in America. This shows that the effect of capital punishment may not be effective in reducing crime rates. Also, there are many people hurl doubt that money spent in supporting the lives of criminals is much more than cost of capital punishment. In fact, the cost of implementing the death penalty is not low at all, authorities need money to prepare documents such(prenominal) as DNA tests and a license of death for the criminal. Whole lives imprisonment is the most suitable way to punish the criminals that committing heinous crime.Jayashree,2010,para6 claim that In jail, decades and decades of living in a cage, in an environment of rape and violence and being treated like animals is worse than the death sentence. With the death sentence, the ugly is over quickly. It can also comfort the victim family as the criminals suffer in jail for long period of time. Also, there is a groovy opportunity in jail to let them to revise themselves and give them a second chance to correct themselves.On the other hand, implementing capital punishment is implanting the judgment of an eye for an eye and an ear for an ear into society. Thus, abolishing capital punishment is a only way not to let this evil concept pass to our next generation. More importantly, whole lives imprisonment do not let criminals suffer from mis carriages of justice. To conclude, since there are many disadvantages in carrying out capital punishment such as this is against human right, existence of unfair judgment and the effect of death penalty is still doubtful. To restate, capital punishment should be abolished and government should provide second chance for criminals to rectify themselves.

Opinion on Internet Privacy Essay

When thinking of profit security, my expectations change depending on where I am accessing the internet from. When I am accessing the web from home I feel some sort of safety because I induct often of different protection on my home information processing systems as well as a secured network site key that can non be accessed by my neighbors or bothone else unless my password is given to them by me. Although I need all these things that does not mean that hackers cannot get into my computer system so I am still very mensurable as to which sites I enter learning onto.At work, I expect them to have some of the best internet security because if ever there is a problem they will have so much more too loose than an average person. roughly businesses have things such as financial records and schooling that should not be accessed by outsiders. With there being a lot of business and organizations that deal they should be careful to make sure their private information cannot be stole n or viewed by anyone other than the people that the information is intended for.In a public setting, I will use my computer simply I do understand that when doing so some of my information may be seen or accessed by others. Because of this, I am very careful of the sites that I visit. I do not enter personal information like Credit Card numbers, social security numbers, addresses or any information that I would not want to be in the eye or hands of a stranger or a computer hacker.In my opinion, I would verbalize that is it not legal or honest to use your neighbors internet signal without their permission. Being a person who pays for internet service, I think that it is unfair to have soul else use your internet service at their convenience and not have to pay anything at all. Also because it is still unclear what information may be able to be seen or accessed by others I would say it is also unsafe to do so.

Blood Promise Chapter Twenty-Seven

I didnt recognize the guy Sydney sent to meet us when we r separatelyed Novosibirsk, only if he had the identical golden tat excessively that she did. He was sandy-h stemmaed and in his thirties-and human, of logical argument. He looked competent and trustworthy, and as I leaned against the car, he laughed and spoke to the elderly equal desire theyd been go approximately friends for invariably. Thither was a professional and reassuring air ab disc tout ensemble over him, and curtly they were smiling too. Im non sure what he told them, possibly that I was his stylusward daughter or some intimacy, silence they app arently felt up honor able enough to leave me in his detention. I supposed with their jobs, the Alchemist magic spell in action.When the old man and charr drove off, his demeanor shifted slightly. He didnt seem as cold as Sydney initi every last(predicate)(prenominal)y had, except in that location was no express joy or joking with me. Hed become distinct ly businesslike, and I couldnt help exclusively think of the stories of men in vitriolic, the pack who cleaned up after extraterrestrial encounters in order to keep the world innate of the truth.Can you walk? he asked, eyeing me up and down(p).Unclear at this time, I replied.It sour go forth I could, just non very well. With his help, I take downtu eithery ended up at a town phratry over in a residential part of the metropolis. I was foggy and barely able to stay on my feet by that point. in that location were another(prenominal) people on that point, entirely n matchless of them registered. The only thing that evented was the bed style psyche took me to. I mustered enough strength at that point to break openhanded of the arm supporting me and do a search-plant duty in the warmheartedness of the bed. I fell asleep instantly.I awoke to b right handly sunshine pick my inhabit and voices speaking in hushed tones. Considering everything that Id been with, I w ouldnt find oneself been strike to see Dimitri, Tatiana, or even Dr. Olendzki from the Academy there. Instead, it was Abes bearded nervus that looked down at me, the light making completely of his jewelry gleam.For a moment, his face blurred, and all I saw was dark, dark water-water that threatened to wash me outside(a). Dimitris expire words echoed in my channelise Thats what I was supposed to say Hed up to presently that I wanted to hear that he lie withd me. What would mother happened if wed had a fewer moments more? Would he have utter those words? Would he have meant them? And would it have mattered?With the same patch up Id mustered before, I parted the amnionic fluid swirling in my judicial decision, ordering myself to push aside last iniquity as long as I could. I would drown if I intellection around it. Now I had to swim. Abes face came gage into focus.Greetings, Zmey, I tell weakly. Somehow, him universe here didnt surprise me. Sydney would have had to tell her superiors round me, who in turn would have told Abe. Nice of you to slither on in.He agitate his head, wearing a contrite smile. I think youve outdone me when it comes to sneaking somewhat dark corners. I fantasy you were on your way back to Montana. a thatting time, concur sure you write a few more exposit into your bargains. Or just pack me up and send me back to the U.S. for real.Oh, he said, thats exactly what I intend to do. He kept smiling as he said it, but someways, I had a feeling he wasnt joking. And all of a sudden, I no longer feared that fate. Going main office was starting to heavy good.Mark and Oksana walked over to stand beside him. Their presence was unexpected but welcome. They smiled too, faces mourning but relieved. I sat up in bed, surprise I could move at all.You improve me, I said to Oksana. I still anguish, but I dont feel like Im going to die, which I have to think is an improvement.She nodded. I did enough to make sure you werent in speedy insecurity. I figured I could do the rest when you woke up.I shake my head. No, no. Ill recover on my own. I always hated it when Lissa healed me. I didnt want her wasting the strength on me. I in any case didnt want her inviting centers side effects.LissaI jerked the covers off of me. Oh my God I have to perplex home. Right now.Immediately, three pairs of arms blocked my way.Hold on, said Mark. You arent going anywhere. Oksana only healed you a little. Youre a long way from being recovered.And you still havent told us what happened, said Abe, eyes as penetrative as ever. He was psyche who mandatory to know everything, and the mysteries around me in all probability drove him bats.Theres no time Lissas in trouble. I have to force back to check. It was all coming back to me. Lissas erratic behavior and crazy stunts, driven by some kind of compulsion-or super-compulsion, I supposed, seeing as Avery had been able to shove me out of Lissas head.Oh, now you want to go b ack to Montana? exclaimed Abe. lift, even if there was a plane waiting for you out in the other room, thats a twenty hour trip, at minimum. And youre in no condition to go anywhere.I shook my head, still exhausting to rise on my feet. After what Id faced last night, this group wasnt that a great deal of a threat-well, maybe Mark was-but I could hardly start throwing punches. And yeah, I still wasnt sure what Abe could do.You dont get it Someones assay to kill Lissa or hurt her orWell, I didnt really understand what Avery wanted. every I knew was that Avery had somehow been compelling Lissa to do all sorts of reckless things.She had to be amazingly sinewy in timber to not only manage those feats but in addition keep it hidden from Lissa and Adrian. Shed even created a false aura to brood her golden one. I had no base how that magnitude of power was possible, especially considering that Averys fun-loving personality could hardly be called insane. Whatever her scheme, Lissa was at risk. I had to do something.Removing Abe from the equation, I looked up at Mark and Oksana pleadingly. Its my bondmate, I explained. Shes in trouble. Someones nerve-wracking to hurt her. I have to go to her-you understand why I have to.And I saw in their faces that they did understand. I also knew that in my situation, theyd try exactly the same thing for each other.Mark sighed. Rose well help you get to her, but we female genitaliat do it now.Well contact the school, said Abe matter-of-factly. Theyll come across care of it.Right. And how exactly would we do that? Call up Headmaster leper and tell him his party-girl daughter was genuinely corrupting and controlling people with psychic powers and that she needed to be locked up for Lissas and everyone elses good?My lack of an answer seemed to make them think theyd convinced me, Abe in particular. With Oksanas help, youd probably be in good enough condition to leave tomorrow, he added. I rump take a morning flight the ne xt day.Will she be all right until so? Oksana asked me gently.I I dont know What could Avery do in two days time? Alienate and embarrass Lissa further? Horrible things, but not permanent or life threatening. Surely, surely shed be sanction that long, right? let me seeI saw Marks eyes enlarge slightly as he realized what I was about to do. because I saw nothing in the room anymore because I was no longer there. I was in Lissas head. A new isthmus of sights settled in around me, and for half a second, I thought I stood on the bridge again and was looking down into black waters and a cold death. therefore I gained a grapple on what I saw-or rather, what Lissa saw. She was standing on the ledge of a window in some building on campus. It was nighttime. I couldnt tell improvised which building it was, but it didnt matter. Lissa was on what appeared to be the sixth floor, standing there in high heels, laughing about something while the dark dry land threatened below. Behind her, I hear Averys voice.Lissa, be careful You shouldnt be up there. however it had the same double meaning that permeated everything Avery did. Even as she said those words of caution, I could feel a reckless drive in spite of appearance Lissa, something telling her that it was okay to be where she was and not to worry so oft. It was Averys compulsion. Then, I felt that brushing of my mind, and the annoyed voice.You again?I was laboured back out, back to the bedroom in Novosibirsk. Abe was freaking out, apparently thinking Id done for(p) into some catatonic blend in, and Mark and Oksana were attempting to explain to him what had happened. I blinked and rubbed my head as I gathered myself, and Mark breathed a sigh of relief.Its much stranger watching mortal do that than it is doing it myself.Shes in trouble, I said, attempting to get up again. Shes in trouble and I dont know what to doThey were right in saying there was no way on kingdom I could get to Lissa anytime soon. And even i f I followed Abes suggestion and contacted the school I didnt know for sure where Lissa was at or even if anyone there would believe me. I thought about set outing back in and trying to read Lissas location from her mind, but Avery would likely throw me out again. From what I had briefly felt, Lissa didnt have her cell phone on her-no surprise. There were strict rules about having them in classes, so she usually left hers in her dorm room. just now I knew someone who would have his. And who would believe me.Does anyone have a phone? I asked.Abe gave me his, and I dialed Adrians number, surprised I had it memorized. Adrian was mad at me, but he cared about Lissa. He would help her, no matter his grudge toward me. And he would believe me when I try to explain a crazy, spirit-induced plot. just now when the other end of the delimit picked up, it was his voicemail that answered, not the man himself. I know how devastated you must be to miss me, his cheery voice said, but leave a me ssage, and Ill try to ease your agony as soon as possible.I disconnected, feeling lost. Suddenly, I looked up at Oksana as one of my crazier ideas came to mind.You you seat do that thing where you actively go in someones mind and touch their thoughts, right? Like you did to me?She grimaced slightly. Yes, but its not something I like to do. I dont think its right.Can you compel them once youre in there?She looked even more disgusted. Well, yes, of course the two things are in reality very similar. But reaching in someones mind is one thing and forcing them into some unwanted behavior is an entirely different matter.My friend is about to do something dangerous, I said. It could kill her. Shes being compelled, but I cant do anything about it. The bond wont allow me actively reach her. I can only watch. If you could reach inside my friends head and compel her out of dangerOksana shook her head. Supposing morals werent an issue, I cant reach into someone whos not really here-let alo ne someone Ive never met.I raked a hand done my hair, panic setting in. I wished Oksana knew how to walk dreams. That would at least outflow her the long-distance capability. All of these spirit powers seemed to be one off from each other, each having some additional nuance. Someone who could dream walk dexterity be able to take the next step and visit someone a wind up.An even crazier idea came to me. This was a groundbreaking day. Oksana you can reach into my mind, right?Yes, she reaffirmed.If I if I was in my bondmates head at the time, could you reach into me and then reach into her mind? Could I, like, be the link between you guys?Ive never heard of anything like that, murmured Mark.Thats because weve never had this many spirit users and shadow-kissed around before, I pointed out.Abe, understandably, looked tout ensemble lost.A shadow fell over Oksanas face. I dont know any it works or it doesnt, I said. If it doesnt, then theres no harm done. But if you can reach her throu gh me you can compel her. She started to speak, and I cut her off. I know, I know you think its wrong. But this other spirit user? Shes the one whos wrong. All you have to do is compel Lissa out of danger. Shes ready to jump out a window Stop her now then Ill get to her in another day or so and fix things.And by fix things, I meant ruin Averys pretty face with a black eye.In my bizarre life, Id grown pretty utilize to people-especially adults-rejecting my outlandish ideas and proclamations. Id had a hell of a time convincing people that Victor had kidnapped Lissa and an equally hard time making the guardians believe the school was under attack. So when situations like this happened, part of me al or so expected resistance. But the thing was, as stable as they were, Oksana and Mark had been fighting with spirit for most of their lives. Crazy was kind of par for the course for them, and after a moment, she didnt argue any further.All right, she said. Give me your pass on.Whats going on? asked Abe, still totally clueless. I took a small amount of satisfaction in seeing him out of his league for a change.Mark murmured something to Oksana in Russian and kissed her on the cheek. He was warning her to be careful, not condemning her for her choice. I knew hed want the same thing if she were in Lissas place. The love that flashed between them was so deep and so strong that I nearly lost my resolve to do this. That kind of love reminded me of Dimitri, and if I allowed myself to think about him for even a moment more, I was going to relive last nightI clasped Oksanas hands, a knot of fear coiling in my stomach. I didnt like the idea of someone being in my head, even though that was a hypocritical sentiment for someone who was constantly traveling into her best friends mind. Oksana gave me a small smile, though it was obvious she was as nervous as me.Im sorry, she said. I hate doing this to peopleAnd then I felt it, the same thing that had happened when Avery pushed me out. It was like the actual animal(prenominal) sensation of someone pitiful my brain. I gasped, looking into Oksanas eyes as waves of rut and cold ran through me. Oksana was in my head. Now go to your friend, she said.I did. I focused my thoughts into Lissa and set her still standing on the windows ledge. Better she was there than on the ground, but I still wanted her off and back in the room before something bad happened. That wasnt for me to do, however. I was the taxi, so to speak. Oksana was the one who had to literally pour forth Lissa off the ledge. Only I had no indication the other woman had come with me. When Id jumped to Lissas mind, Id lost that sense of Oksana. No more tickling of the mind.Oksana? I thought. Are you there?There was no response-not from Oksana, at least. The answer came from a very unexpected source.Rose?It was Lissas voice that spoke in my mind. She froze her placement in the window and abruptly cut off whatever shed been laughing about with Avery. I felt Lissas terror and confusion as she wondered if she was imagining me. She peered around the room, her eyes passing over Avery.Avery recognized something was going on, and her face hardened. I felt the familiar sense of her presence in Lissas mind and wasnt surprised when Avery tried to shove me out again.Except-it didnt work.Avery kicking me out in the past(a) had always felt like an actual shove. I got the impression that when she tried it now, it felt like hitting a brick wall to her. I wasnt so easy to push around anymore. Oksana was with me somehow, lending her strength. Avery was still in Lissas line of sight, and I saw those adorable blue-gray eyes go wide with setback that she couldnt control me.Oh, I thought. Its on, bitchRose? Lissas voice was there again. Am I going crazy?Not yet. But you have to get down, right now. I think Averys trying to kill you.Kill me? I could feel and hear Lissas incredulity. Shed never do that.Look, lets not argue it for now. fair get out of the window and call it good.I felt the appetite in Lissa, felt her shift and start to put one animal hoof down. Then it was like some core part of herself stopped her. Her foot stayed where it was and slowly began to grow unsteadyThat was Avery at work. I wondered if Oksana, lurking in the downplay of this bond, could overpower that compulsion. No, Oksana wasnt active here. Her spirit powers had somehow gotten me into actively communicating with Lissa, but she was remaining passive. Id expected to be the bridge and thought Oksana would jump to Lissas mind and compel her. The situation was reversed, though, and I didnt actually have compulsion powers. All I had was legendary wit and powers of persuasion.Lissa, you have to fight Avery, I said. Shes a spirit user, and shes compelling you. Youre one of the strongest compulsion users I know. You should be able to fight her.Fear answered me. I cant I cant compel right now.why not?Because Ive been drinkable.I mentally groaned. Of course. That was why Avery was always so spry to supply Lissa with alcohol. It numbed spirit, as demonstrated in Adrians frequent indulgences. Avery had encouraged the drunkenness so that Lissas spirit abilities would weaken and give her less resistance. There were a number of times Lissa hadnt been able to gauge exactly how much Avery was drinking in retrospect, Avery must have been doing a fair amount of faking.Then use ordinary willpower, I told her. Its possible to resist compulsion.It was true. Compulsion wasnt an involuntary ticket to world domination. Some people were better at resisting it than others, though a Strigoi or spirit user certainly complicated matters.I felt Lissa build up her resolve, felt her repeat my words over and over, that she had to be strong and step back off the ledge. She worked to push away that impulse Avery had implanted, and without knowing how, I absolutely found myself pushing on it as well. Lissa and I joined our strength together and starte d shoving Avery out.In the physical world, Avery and Lissas gazes were locked as the psychic struggle continued. Averys face showed hard concentration that suddenly became overlaid with shock. Shed noticed me fighting her too. Her eyes narrowed, and when she spoke, it was me she addressed and not Lissa.Oh, Avery hissed, you do not want to mess with me.Didnt I?There was a rush of heat and that feeling of someone reaching into my mind. Only it wasnt Oksana. It was Avery, and she was doing some serious investigation of my thoughts and memories. I understood now what Oksana meant about it being invasive and a violation. It wasnt just looking through someones eyes it was spying on their most intimate thoughts.And then, the world around me dissolved. I stood in a room I didnt recognize. For a moment, I thought I was back in Galinas estate. It certainly had that rich, expensive feel to it. But no. After a moments examination, I realized this wasnt the same at all. The furnishings were diff erent. Even the vibe was different. Galinas home had been beautiful, but there had been a cold, impersonal feel to it. This place was inviting and clear well loved. The plush couch had a quilt thrown indiscriminately in its corner, as though someone-or maybe two someones-had been cuddling underneath it. And while the room wasnt messy, exactly, there were scattered objects-books, framed scenes-that indicated this room was actually used and wasnt just for show.I walked over to a small bookshelf and picked up one of the framed photos. I nearly dropped it when I saw what it was. It was a picture of Dimitri and me-but I had no memory of it. We stood arm in arm, inclination of an orbit our faces together to make sure we both got in the shot. I was grinning broadly, and he too wore a joyous smile, one Id hardly ever seen on him. It softened some of the protective fierceness that usually fill up his features and made him look sexier than Id ever imagined. A piece of that soft embrown hair had slipped his ponytail and lay on his cheek. Beyond us was a city that I immediately recognized Saint Petersburg. I frowned. No, this was definitely a picture that couldnt exist.I was still studying it when I heard someone walk into the room. When I saw who it was, my heart stopped. I set the photo back on the shelf with shaking hands and took a few steps back.It was Dimitri.He wore jeans and a casual red T-shirt that fit the lean muscles of his body perfectly. His hair was down loose and slightly damp, like hed just gotten out of the shower. He held two mugs and chuckled when he saw me. free not dressed? he asked, shaking his head. Theyre going to be here any minute.I looked down and saw that I wore plaid albumen pajama bottoms and a tank top. He handed me the mug, and I was too stun to do anything but take it. I peered into it-hot chocolate-and then looked up at him. There was no red in his eyes, no evil on his face. Only gorgeous warmth and affection. He was my Dimitri, the one whod loved and protected me. The one with a pure heart and soulWho whos coming? I asked.Lissa and Christian. Theyre coming for brunch. He gave me a puzzled look. Are you okay?I looked around, again taking in the comforting room. Through a window, I saw a backyard filled with trees and flowers. Sunshine spilled through onto the carpet. I sullen back to him and shook my head. What is this? Where are we?His throwd expression now turned into a frown. Stepping forward, he took my mug and set his and mine on the shelf. His hands rested on my hips, and I flinched but didnt break away-how could I when he looked so much like my Dimitri? This is our house, he said, drawing me near. In dad.Pennsylvania are we at theRoyal Court?He shrugged. A few miles away.I slowly shook my head. No thats not possible. We cant have a home together. And definitely not so close to the others. Theyd never let us.If in some crazy world Dimitri and I lived together, wed have to do it in secret-somewher e remote, like Siberia.You insisted, he said with a small smile. And none of them care. They accept it. Besides, you said we had to live near Lissa.My mind reeled. What was going on? How was this possible? How could I be living with Dimitri-especially so near Moroi? This wasnt right and yet, it felt right. Looking around, I could see how this was my home. I could feel the love in it, feel the connection Dimitri and I had to it. But how could I actually be with Dimitri? Wasnt I supposed to be doing something else? Wasnt I supposed to be somewhere else? Youre a Strigoi, I said at last. No youre dead. I killed you.He ran a finger along my cheek, still giving me that rueful smile. Do I look like Im dead? Do I look Strigoi?No. He looked wonderful and sexy and strong. He was all the things I remembered, all the things I loved. But you were I trailed off, still confused. This wasnt right. There was something I had to do, but I still couldnt remember. What happened?His hand returned to my h ip, and he pulled me into a tight embrace. You saved me, he murmured into my ear. Your love saved me, Roza. You brought me back so that we could be together.Had I? I had no memory of that, either. But this all seemed so real, and it felt so wonderful. Id missed his arms around me. Hed held me as a Strigoi, but it had never felt like this. And when he leaned down and kissed me, I knew for sure he wasnt a Strigoi. I didnt know how I could have ever deluded myself back at Galinas. This kiss was alive. It burned within my soul, and as my lips pressed more eagerly into his, I felt that connection, the one that told me there was no one else in the world for me except him.Only, I couldnt shake the feeling that I wasnt supposed to be here. But where was I supposed to be? Lissa something with LissaI broke the kiss but not the embrace. My head rested against his chest. I really saved you?Your love was too strong. Our love was too strong. Not even the undead could keep us apart.I wanted to bel ieve it. Desperately. But that voice still nagged in my head Lissa. What about Lissa? Then, it came to me. Lissa and Avery. I had to save Lissa from Avery. I jerked away from Dimitri, and he stared in surprise.What are you doing?This isnt real, I said. This is a trick. Youre still Strigoi. We cant be together-not here, not among the Moroi.Of course we can. There was hurt in his deep brown eyes, and it tore at my heart. Dont you want to be with me?I have to go back to LissaLet her go, he said, approaching me again. Let all of it go. Stay here with me-we can have everything we ever wanted, Rose. We can be together every day, wake up together every morning.No. I stepped further back. I knew if I didnt, he would kiss me again, and then Id truly be lost. Lissa needed me. Lissa was trapped. With each passing second, the details about Avery were coming back to me. This was all an illusion.Rose? he asked. There was so much pain in his voice. What are you doing?Im sorry, I said, feeling on t he verge of tears. Lissa. I had to get to Lissa. This isnt real. Youre gone. You and I can never be together, but I can still help her.You love her more than me?Lissa had asked me almost the same thing when Id left to hunt Dimitri. My life was doomed to always be about choosing between them.I love you both, I replied.And with that, I used all of my will to push myself back to Lissa, wherever she was, and tear away from this fantasy. Honestly, I could have spent the rest of my days in that make-believe world, being with Dimitri in that house, waking up with him each morning like hed said. But it wasnt real.It was too easy, and if I was learning anything, it was that life wasnt easy.The effort was excruciating, but suddenly, I found myself looking back at the room at St. Vladimirs. I focused on Avery who was staring me and Lissa down. Shed pulled out the memory that tormented me most, attempting to confuse me and tear me from Lissa with a fantasy of what I wanted more than anything el se in the world. Id fought Averys mind trap and felt pretty smug about it-despite the ache in my heart. I wished I could communicate directly with her and make a few comments about what I thought of her and her game. That was out of the question, so instead, I threw my will in with Lissas once more, and together, we stepped down off the ledge and onto the rooms floor.Avery was visibly sweating, and when she realized shed lost the psychic tug of war, her pretty face turned very ugly. Fine, she said. There are easier ways of killing you off.Reed suddenly entered the room, looking as hostile as ever. I had no idea where hed come from or how hed known to show up right then, but he headed straight toward Lissa, hands reaching out. That open window loomed screw her, and it didnt take a genius to guess his intentions. Avery had tried to get Lissa to jump by using compulsion. Reed was just going to push her.A mental conversation flew between Lissa and me in the space of a heartbeat.Okay, I told her. Heres the situation. Were going to have to do a little role reversal.What are you talking about? Fear flooded her, which was understandable, seeing as Reeds hands were seconds away from grabbing her.Well, I said, I just did the psychic power struggle. Which convey youve got to do the fighting. And Im going to show you how.

Merchant of Venice Glossary and Character Sketch

GlossaryThe Merchant of Venice deport I, Scene II 1. By my trotha mild blaspheming equivalent Upon my word 2. aught whateverthing 3. surfeitoverindulge 4. superfluity oversupply 5. Hareto run fast 6. overname themsay their names over 7. colta young, or inexperienced person 8. Deaths-headskull 9. a-capringdancing 10. pennortha small amount 11. doubleta close-fitting outer garment, with or without sleeves and or sotimes having a short skirt, worn by men in the Renaissance an undergarment, quilted and reinforced with mail, worn beneath arm. 12. ound hose actually full short breeches which varied in length from the upper thigh to just above the knee, giving a rounded advert to the hips and generateing off the leg. 13. suretya person who assumes legal function for the fulfillment of anformer(a)s debt or obligation and himself be lie withs liable if the other defaults. 14. vileyhighly offensive, unpleasant, unholy 15. Sibyllathe Sybil of Cumae, to whom Apollo granted as many year s of life as at that place are grains in a handful of sand 16. Dianagoddess of chastity denotation ReportNerissa What does your sheath want in this scene?Nerissa wants to know whether Portia has feelings for any of her suitors and whether she entrust consider disobeying her begetters will. What is your calibres pauperism for doing what he or she does? She is Portias waiting-gentlewoman and friend, who is concerned about Portias future. Also, she shows some eagerness for Bassanio to arrive with her future husband, Gratiano. What obstacles stand in his or her stylus? Portias independence and defiance of her perplexs will that causes Portia to show distaste toward all her suitors. What happens when your character confronts these obstacles?Nerissa finds that the heiress might be fire in Bassanio. Are there any classifiable elements in your characters way of speaking? (Is his of her language elaborate, plain, musical, or what? ) She is inquisitive and curious. What is your char acter thinking during the scene? (How does he or she react to the other characters and events? ) She in inquiring about Portias suitors. She must be interested in their futures. Character ReportPortia What does your character want in this scene? Portia wishes to ingest the fate of her marriage instead of following her fathers will.She alike seems to express interest in Bassanio when he is mentioned. What is your characters motif for doing what he or she does? She is an orphan that has no say in who she marries so Portia motivation to protest is her want of freedom. Even after her fathers death, she is still under his control. What obstacles stand in his or her way? Her fathers will and the test of the caskets deciding her husband. What happens when your character confronts these obstacles? Nothing really, as she just points out all the flaws of the suitors she meets.Are there any distinctive elements in your characters way of speaking? (Is his of her language elaborate, plain, mu sical, or what? ) So far she has only spoken in complaints and a min condenscendingly. What is your character thinking during the scene? (How does he or she react to the other characters and events? ) She is most likely thinking of loopholes to get out of her fathers demands. She is probably also thinking about Bassanio and when he will come court her. Company ReportQueen Murphys twain 1. What happens in your scene? Outline the basic events. . Portia complains about how she cannot choose a husband because of her deceased fathers will. Explains the caskets and the requirements for Portias hand in marriage. b. Nerissa names the different suitors of Portia and Portia points out all their flaws. c. Nerissa tells Portia that all the suitors were leaving and Nerissa mentions Bassanio. Portia is interested. d. A serving man appears stating that the Prince of Morocco is arriving soon. Portia doesnt really care too much. 2. What do you think are the pigment purposes of your scene? a.To in troduce Portia and Nerissa as key characters and explaining their personalities. b. To explain the idea of the caskets (gold, silver, and lead) and the parameters behind Portias engagement. c. To foreshadow the relationship that will happen between Bassanio and Portia later on. 3. What are your reactions to this scene? That Portia seems to be stuck in a situation that shes very stubborn about. To go against her fathers will, she is headstrong and picky in choosing her husband. I feel like supporting Portia to go for her need to be independent.

Reducing and Analyzing Crime Through the Compstat Process

Reducing and Analyzing wickedness finished the Compstat Process Prepargond for prof Suresh Radhakrishnan SPHR, MBA BUS 346 Business Communication San Fernando V onlyey Campus, Burbank, CA Prep bed by Isaac Lowe 03-13-13 Table of Contents 1. Executive compendium ii 2. Overview of Compstat 1 3. quatern Compstat Principles 1 4. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has established a ordered umbrage plowing .. 2 5. Computing Year to engagement (YTD) every workhebdomad justs 2 6.Creating the horror compendium give out . 3 7. abbreviation of offence selective information and Strategies 3 8. iniquity Summary Report 4 9. induction 8 10. References . 9 List of Illustrations Figure 1 criminal offence Data Chart 4 Figure 2 Year to meet offense Data Chart . 4 i Reducing and Analyzing plague Through the Compstat Process Executive Summary natural law enforcement has developed strategies to lose weight offensive activity by analyzing discourtesy data.Law enforcement has n amed this plague diminution strategy as the Compstat mathematical operation. The Compstat construct analyzes the figure of speech and location of curses and arrests as well as an analysis of suspects, victims, age and times to identify nuisance patterns, clusters, suspects and hot spots. There are quartette Compstat dominions that are in place to effectively reduce discourtesy. To reduce ab wasting disease by analyzing the criminal offense data, a disgust Summary Report and aversion Maps indispensability to be produced so law enforcement can analyze the disgust data. When creating the wickedness Summary Report, you allow for need to compute Year to Date (YTD) Weekly averages. erstwhile you study the YTD every calendar week sightly, you can examine your watercourse villainy data to prove if abuse is increasing or decreasing. By analyse the current crime to the previous amount of crime you can see if crime is up or down and determine if the crime step-down s trategies in place are working or if adjustments need to be made. The Compstat process and the law-breaking Summary Report are tools used for crime reduction. ii Reducing and Analyzing detestation Through the Compstat Process1 Overview of Compstat Law enforcement has developed strategies to reduce crime by analyzing crime data.Law enforcement has named this crime reduction strategy as the Compstat process. The Compstat process was developed by former New York Police section (NYPD) Commissioner William J. Bratton in the 1990s. Compstat, stands for Computer comparison statistics, and is a system for managing guard operations. The Compstat fantasy has been used widely in the law enforcement lodge in some different forms. The Compstat concept analyzes the number and location of crimes and arrests as well as an analysis of suspects, victims, days and times to identify crime patterns, lusters, suspects and hot spots. Law enforcement entrust create strategies to address the crime a nd implement it as speedily as possible. Law enforcement leave alone consistently review, analyze the results and then copy the process. This Compstat process can lead to the reduction of crime. Four Compstat Principles There are four Compstat principles that are in place to effectively reduce crime. The low gear principle is Timely and faultless Intelligence which is knowing what crime is adventure in your area. The Second principle is Effective play which is having a gage plan.The third principle is Rapid Deployment which is reacting quick to where the crime is happening. The final principle is Relentless Follow-up and mind which is analyzing the results and making changes if needed. The first Compstat principle of Accurate and Timely Intelligence is to collect crime data in tangible time. analytic thinking the crime data and take action on set crime trends. The crime data demand to be as ideal as possible. Without accurate and literal time crime data, law enforcem ent allow for not be as effective in combating crime and implementing crime reduction strategies.Reducing and Analyzing detestation Through the Compstat Process2 The second Compstat principle of Effective Tactics is the development and implementation of crime reduction strategies based on the real time accurate intelligence that was gathered. Law enforcement needs to deploy particularised resources and proactive strategies to target the crime problem. The third Compstat principle of Rapid Deployment is to quickly deploy crime fighting resources and implement strategies to the target area. Law enforcement needs to deploy its resources to where the crime is occurring now.The fourth Compstat principle of Relentless Follow-up and Assessment is to assess the implementation of the strategies had on target area and analyze the results. By analyzing the strategies and reviewing the results, law enforcement can see if the strategies are working. This review process depart help law enforc ement improve and make real time adjustments to the strategies in place. FBI Established Uniform offensive Reporting To reduce crime by analyzing the crime data, a law-breaking Summary Report and Crime Maps need to be produced so law enforcement can analyze the crime data.The Crime Summary Report is divided into a outline for each somebody crime. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has established a uniform Crime Reporting Program which are Criminal Homicide, Forcible Rape, Robbery, rape, Burglary, Larceny-Theft, Motor vehicle Theft and Arson. These crimes are also known as secernate iodin crimes. Computing Year to Date Weekly numbers When creating the Crime Summary Report, you forget need to compute Year to Date (YTD) Weekly Averages. To do this, you go forth examine the collected crime data and see what the total number was for the specialised crime that you are going to examine.Take that YTD total number for that specific crime and divide it by the total weeks cr ime data of that specific crime. The outcome pass on be the YTD weekly average. Once you have the YTD weekly average, you can examine your current crime data to Reducing and Analyzing Crime Through the Compstat Process3 see if crime is increasing or decreasing. Here is an example of the weekly average form that you pull up stakes use when computing the crime data for each specific crime YTD Crime Total (137) / Crime Total for the week (7) = YTD Weekly Average (19. ). This formula will be used by means ofout the Crime Summary Report to obtain the YTD Weekly Averages for each crime stocky. Creating the Crime Summary Report To start creating the Crime Summary Report, first, impute the 2012 and 2013 YTD fortune One Averages on the top of the report so you can see the overall crime trend. Second, create a Crime Data Charts from the collected Crime Data. Next, appropriate an overall summary of all Part One Crime Data. thus give a summary of the Part One ferocious Crime summary an d Part One Property Crime Summary.Next, provide a brief summary of the each individual crime within Part One Violent and Part One Property Crimes. This brief summary will include an Analysis of the crime data and a outline of how to target the current crime problem. Analysis of Crime Data and Strategies The Analysis section of the Crime Summary Report is where you will be analyzing the crime data. By examining the Crime Maps of where the crime occurred and the Crime Data you will be able to provide a written summary of the crime trend. In Analysis section you will also be using the weekly average formula to help you examine the Crime Data.The Strategies section of the Crime Summary Report is where you will be explaining your strategies to combat the current crime trends. The following is a Crime Summary Report that I have completed for the 9th week of 2013, ending 03/02/13,that can be referred to for an example. Reducing and Analyzing Crime Through the Compstat Process4 Crime Summa ry Report 9th week of 2013 ending 03/02/2013 20132012 Average Year to Date (YTD) Weekly Part 1 Crime Totals65. 576. 0 pic Figure 1 Crime Data Chart pic Figure 2 Year to Date Crime Chart Part One Crime SummaryPart-One Crimes (61) were preceding(prenominal) the week prior and are down the stairs the 2013 Year To Date (YTD) Weekly Average and below the 2012 YTD Weekly Average. There were (3) gang link up Robberies and there Reducing and Analyzing Crime Through the Compstat Process5 was (2) gang related worsen Assaults this week. The central parcels of the Division pass ons to account for the majority of the part one crime. Part One Violent Crimes (27) were above the week prior and are above the 2013 YTD Weekly Average of (21. 1) and above the 2012 YTD Weekly Average of (22. 2). Robberies increased this week and were in the main in central portion of the Division.Aggravated Assaults increased this week and were generally spread out through the central portion of the Division. Th ere were no Rapes and Homicides this week. Part One Property Crimes (34) were below the week prior and are below the 2013 YTD weekly average of (44. 6) and below the 2012 YTD Weekly Average of (53. 7). This week BTFVs diminish with no major clusters. GTA increased slightly this week and were mainly spread out through the western portion of the Division. Burglaries reduced this week with no major clusters. Thefts increased this week and there was a underage cluster in the central portion of the Division.Part One Violent Crime Summary HOMICIDE 0 AnalysisNone. StrategiesNone. RAPE 0 AnalysisNone. StrategiesNone. ASSAULTS 11 Analysis Aggravated Assaults are above the 2013 weekly average of (7. 1). Aggravated Assaults increased this week and were mainly in the central portion of the Division. Reducing and Analyzing Crime Through the Compstat Process6 Strategies Request patrol &038 specialized units to lapse drinking in public enforcement in direct areas. officers will be tell to spe cific areas as needed to abate the Aggravated Assault problem. ROBBERY 16 AnalysisRobberies are above the 2013 Weekly Average of (13). Robberies increased this week and were mainly in the central portion of the Division. Strategies Officer will be directed to specific areas as needed to suppress the Robbery problem. Request Gang Unit to enforce on all gang related crime. Narcotic Unit will conduct clandestine operations to specific areas where the Robberies are occurring. Part One Property Crime Summary GRAND THEFT AUTO 8 Analysis voluptuary Theft Auto (GTA) are above the 2013 Weekly Average of (7. 6) and were mainly spread out through the western portion of the Division. StrategiesOfficers will be directed to specific areas as needed to suppress the GTA problem. Officers will relate to receive updated GTA stolen vehicle list. The License Plate Recognition fomites will stick to be deployed in designated areas. Rampart Special Problems Unit (SPU) and Auto Detectives will also arr ange a Bait motorcar Operation when the torment car is available. BURGLARY THEFT FROM VEHICLE 4 Analysis Burglary Theft From Vehicle (BTFV) are below the 2013 Weekly Average of (15. 0). This week BTFVs decreased with no major clusters. Reducing and Analyzing Crime Through the Compstat Process7 StrategiesOfficers will be directed through the daily mission to suppress the BTFV problem. Senior tierce Officers will have-to doe with the Lock it, Hide it, Keep it flyer campaign. Detectives will utilize Social Media to reach and educate as many familiarity members as possible. Auto Detectives will arrange a Bait Car Operation when the bait car is available. BURGLARY 2 Analysis Burglaries are below the 2013 Weekly Average of (4. 6) with no major clusters. Strategies Officers will be directed through the daily mission as needed to suppress the Burglary problem.Senior lam Officers (SLO) will continue the Lock it, Hide it, Keep it flyer campaign. Detectives will utilize Social Media to r each and educate as many community members as possible. THEFTS 20 Analysis Thefts are above the 2013 Weekly Average of (17. 3) and were mainly spread out through the Division with a small cluster in the central portion of the Division. Strategies Officers will be directed through the Daily Mission as needed. The decoy car will continue to be deployed in the major shopping centers. Officers will continue to drive through major parking lots of the shopping centers.SLO will continue to walk through businesses on a daily bases and continue to meet with the personnel. The Bike Unit will provide high profile patrol in the parking lots of the shopping centers. -End of Crime Summary Report- Reducing and Analyzing Crime Through the Compstat Process8 After reading the Crime Summary Report we can see how through analyzing the Crime Data and Crime Maps we are able to effectively write a written summary of the crime trends. Furthermore, we are able to analyze our strategies to see if they are e ffective. The Crime Summary Report gives us a comprehensive account of the current crime trends.Conclusion In conclusion, to successfully reduce the incidence of crime, it is done through comparing the numbers of the current crime to the previous amount of crime. Whether crime is up or down, will help determine if the crime reduction strategies are working or if adjustments need to be made so a different approach can be implemented. The Compstat process and the Crime Summary Report are tools used for crime reduction by counting, comparing and mapping crime data for law enforcement to analyze. Reducing and Analyzing Crime Through the Compstat Process9 References Los Angeles Police Departments Compstat Unit. 2010, March 09). The Compstat Process Managing Crime Reduction on the LAPD. George Gascon. (2006, January 25). Compstat Plus. David Weisburd, Stephen D. Mastrofski, Rosann Greenspan, and James J. Willis. (2004, April). The Growth of Compstat in American Policing. LAPD Website. Co mpstat process information Retrieved March, 08, 2013, from http//www. lapdonline. org William J. Bratton and Sean W. Malinowski. Police Performance Management in Practice winning COMPSTAT to the Next Level Vincent E. Henry. (2002) A comprehensive study of Compstat in police history and reform

I’Ve Seen the Promise Land

In accordance with the threesome oral communicationes and one letter by Martin Luther business exceeder younger , there are many ways one back comprehend what he intended to accomplish with each. This, of course, means besides the axiomatic understanding that can be absorbed through a immediate read through. The one run-in that resonates even in to twenty-four hour periods society and still relates to things, even outside what great power was speaking on, was his speech Ive Been to the Mountaintop or excessively known as I search the Promised Land. With any action against injustice, a good loss leader mustiness be present.Through understanding of his speeches and similar past leaders such as Moses and Jesus, it is clear how Dr. King established himself as the leader of the civil rights move workforcet and his muckle and strength led many to a better smell filled with the freedoms that they had yearned for. The opening of this speech is inspirational yet it is also ar ound unexpected when put in the context of his other more known works. When asked by theology what age he would like to live in, he describes some(prenominal) of the most famous and wondrous places of each(prenominal) time, such as Ancient Greece or the Renaissance.Then, with a powerful swoop in his voice, he says Strangely enough, I would turn to the Almighty, and say, If you allow me to live just a few years in the second half of the 20th century, I entrust be happy. Now thats a strange statement to make, because the valet is all messed up. The nation is sick. Trouble is in the land confusion all around. Thats a strange statement. moreover I know, somehow, that only when it is dark enough can you see the stars. Martin Luther King Jr. knew that the time had come to at last address the issues that had been conflicted within him as thoroughly as countless others.He states, besides now, no all-night can they just talk about it. It is no longer a choice between violence an d nonviolence in this world its nonviolence or nonexistence. He continued his speech by delivering messages from Jesus and various biblical passages to show why it is so substantial that they continued to be pushed forth and non remain idle. Even after(prenominal) their protest in Memphis they unavoidable to keep marching forward, literally and figuratively. This speech was non only inspiring for the civil rights movements, but can also be used as an inspiration and a guideline to overtake any injustice that can be inflicted onto someone. Dr.King believed that when men and women had the mission of doing Gods will and standing up for what is right, that this would allow them to no longer fear death. Once you have conquered those who had at one point unjustly conquered you, then you are free. In addition to all the things Dr. King believed were needed to reach the Promised Land, the most important thing, though not instanter stated by King, was the presence of an innate and in spirational leader who has a clear vision and the ability to express and correctly assert that vision onto those who want to quell injustice, along with the courage to fight against it himself.When you look at the difference between successful and also failed campaigns against injustice, the one thing that is ceaselessly remembered is that in successful ones there was a leader who rallied his people. Moses was determined to lead the slaves out of Egypt and accomplished it by uniting them with his cause. Another example is Abraham capital of Nebraska when he organized those around him and passed the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863. King Jr. embodied everything that Moses and Abraham Lincoln did for their people, and then some.Without him, the civil rights movement very well could have died down and the world would not be where it is at today. With this in mind, there are 3 key moments in Dr. Kings life that made him into the visionary who in any casek on all the arduous tasks tha t were rigid before him. First is the time he spent in Birmingham lag and the letter he wrote. Human progressit comes through the tireless efforts of men willing to be coworkers with God, and without this hard work, time itself becomes an ally of the forces of social stagnation. This showed that he was willing to fight alongside his people and endure anything that they did, and that he would go to the greatest of lengths to make his point. The second and his most famous speech, I pass water a Dream, delivered on August 28, 1963, not only sparked a fire under those who had already been involved, but additionally enlisted those who may not have had previously agreed with his beliefs or thought that change was not possible. It also gained global media attention and exposed his brilliance, showing what he very envisioned for the future of his country.The third and final moment was his death the day after delivering his speech I See the Promised Land. His martyrdom was a symbol to al l that things needed to, and were going to, change. From that very speech presumptuousness in Memphis, he preached Well, I dont know what will happen now. Weve got some difficult days ahead. But it really doesnt matter with me now, because Ive been to the mountaintop. And I dont mind. desire anybody, I would like to live a long life. Longevity has its place. But Im not concerned about that now. I just want to do Gods will. And Hes allowed me to go up to the mountain.And Ive looked over. And Ive seen the Promised Land. I may not get there with you. But I want you to know tonight, that we, as a people, will get to the promised land In his speech Ive Been to the Mountaintop, King delved into the flow status of the civil rights movement and how he saw that the future was bright, as long as people continued to persevere in the vista of adversity, and did not allow the opposition to deter them. He believed that they had come too far to let it slip away, and even without him as their l eader he knows they can accomplish it.As with all other successful movements, a leader who is extremely persuasive, motivational, and is willing to do anything for what he believes in is key. For Dr. King, there were three crucial moments in his life that shaped him to become such, and they are his prison house time and letter from Birmingham Jail, his I Have a Dream speech, and his martyrdom. These not only made him the face and leader of the civil rights movement, but arguably the greatest and most influential leader in history. Bibliography King, Martin Luther Jr. Ive Been to the Mountaintop. Speech, Memphis, Tennessee, April 3, 1968. American Rhetoric. http//www. americanrhetoric. com/speeches/mlkivebeentothemountaintop. htm King, Martin Luther Jr. Letter From Birmingham Jail. (letter, Birmingham, Alabama, April 16, 1963. African Studies Center-University of Pennsylvania, http//www. africa. upenn. edu/Articles_Gen/Letter_Birmingham. hypertext mark-up language &8212&8212&8212&8 212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 1 . Martin Luther King Jr. , Ive Been to the Mountaintop (speech, Memphis, Tennessee, April 3, 1968), American Rhetoric, http//www. mericanrhetoric. com/speeches/mlkivebeentothemountaintop. htm 2 . King Jr. , Ive Been to the Mountaintop (April 3, 1968) 3 . Martin Luther King Jr. , Letter From Birmingham Jail (letter, Birmingham, Alabama, April 16, 1963), African Studies Center-University of Pennsylvania, http//www. africa. upenn. edu/Articles_Gen/Letter_Birmingham. html 4 . Martin Luther King Jr. , Ive Been to the Mountaintop (speech, Memphis, Tennessee, April 3, 1968), American Rhetoric, http//www. americanrhetoric. com/speeches/mlkivebeentothemountaintop. htm

Statments of Problems and Primary Source Evidence

Following the Civil warfare white southeners dependant African Americans freedom -Louisana Black Codes Reinstate Provision of The Slace Era, 1865, pg. 6 Lucy McMillian, A Former Slave in South Carolina, Tesitifes About White Violence, 1871, pg. 13 During the tardy nineteenth century the American west expirnced significant skirmish -Katie Bighead (Cheyenne) Remebers Custer and the battle of Little Bighorn,1876, pg. 1 -Wyoming Gunfight An Attack on Chinatown,1885, pg. 45 Supporters of imperialism claimed it was necessary that United States wield its influence afield -President William Mckinley Asks for War to liberate Cuba, 1898 pg. 107 -Governor Theodore Roosevelt Praises the Manly Virtues of Imperialism, 1899, pg. 108Critics of Imperialsim contened that American Foreigh policy undermined the nations abroad -The American Anti-Imperialist League Denounces U. S. Policy, 1899, pg. 110 -Mark Twain Stirzes The Battle Hymn of the Republic. 1900 pg. 111 During the juvenile nineteenth century immigrants anticipated oppurtunities in the United States -A Slovenian male child Remebers Tales of the Golden Country,1909 pg. 81 -Chinese Immigrant Lee Chew Denounces Prejudice in America, 1882, pg. 72During the late nineteenth century immigrants faced harsh challenges in the United States -Immigrant doubting Thomas ODonell Laments the workers Plight, 1883 pg. 74 -Immigrants Crowd together-By Choice, or not? Pg. 77 As the United States expierenced rapid industrial growth, ordinary laborers endured exploitaive workings conditions -Immigrant Thomas ODonell Laments the workers Plight, 1883 pg. 74 -Jurgis Rudkus Disovers Drink in The Jungle, 1905 pg. 79 All from the book major problems.

MEMO strategy

This memo explains the strategy that I willing utilize to implement the communication situation of the case 5.AudienceThe audience for the depicted object is the immediate select, and thitherfore it is more effective to wont memo to channel with him or her. The reason is beca use memo is more formal and less private than a letter or email. This is able to create the semblance of a valid clientele concern based on data and studies as opposed to a letter, be it hand or type written, which conveys sentiments and heating plant and is not regarded as authoritative.PurposeThe general purpose of the message is to persuade. In order to be able to do this effectively, it essential be shown that there is a valid business enterprise concern that inescapably to be addressed. The use of a memo, as mentioned earlier, gives the appearance of official correspondence devoid of whatever feelings and sentiments, which are usu each(prenominal)y not considered when making business decisions. Associated essay take in Memo for Comp all Team BuildingIn order to win over the superior, there is a need to downplay personal convictions while at the same time express this as a valid business concern that is norm coadjutor addressed in day to day business matters. Therefore, memo is the most often utilise means of accomplishing this in whatever corporate structure.ContentThe general tone that must be used in this memo is a formal business tone. The superior needs to understand the relevance of the matter in relation to business and keep company performance. This is why a business tone, which neutralizes conversational language, must be used. social systemFinally, since this will be addressed to a superior, the memo must avoid a direct and confrontational approach while maintaining its authoritativeness. Before beginning, a buffer can be used to improve the way the superior will handle the situation and perhaps be able to modernize the desired out enter. The first few sent ences should already outline the problem that will be faced and the potential cost, which helps get the bosss attention. By the end, it must be made clear to the boss what action must be taken. The memo must also take care as not to appear as if it is attacking the superior or earnestly criticizing his decision and this can be achieved by adding a buffer at the beginning.Based on the analysis of this communication situation, I will use a memo as an effective medium to solve this case.To secure Pitt, Executive DirectorFrom Hayeon Jung, Project HeadDate November 13, 2006Subject elongated Warranties and Sales bringing upWe have recently received news which may be vital to the profitability of our encompassing warranty sales and later on a careful study of our proposed actions regarding the sales training program for blanket(a) warranties, I believe that it may be in our best interests to come up with an alternative approach regarding this matter. Based on my studies, this h as the potential to be very risky move for the company because of the lower sales of all company products due to the anticipated consumer backlash to this marketing strategy.Business workweek, a widely read business magazine, is publishing an article on elongate warranties, and it makes specific mention of the fact that half of the warranty price goes to the sales rep as a commission and that only 20 percent of the heart and soul amount customers pay for warranties eventually goes to product repair.Early failures are usually covered by manufacturers warranties, and the extended warranties we are selling are knowing to cover that middle part of the life span. In other words, some extended warranties cover the period of time during which consumers are least promising to need them and offer no coverage when consumers need them most.While extended warranties present profitable margins for the company, the resulting consumer backlash from this article could potentially reduce sales for all of the companys products.With the current sales training lie up, more aggressive marketing for extended warranties will send the defile signal to the consumers. Furthermore, the potential threat of added media exposure caused by the article in Business Week could threaten the sales projections for the company.It is strongly recommended that the plan to go forward the sales training be ceased. Doing so will reduce any overhead costs and training expenses that may be incurred from the implementation of the training program. Moreover, alternative marketing strategies such as using the Business Week article to the advantage of the company can be formulated sort of of the sales training.I strongly believe that our company has a cracking future under your leadership as we continually explore shipway to strengthen the relationship between the customers and the company.Hayeon jungCustomer Service Manager

Virtual Banks

Introduction Continuous transition in technology has altered the carriage in which business is conducted in each industry. This is especi entirelyy true for that of fiscal services or swaning. The cashboxing foundation has evolved tremendously since its inception with most repenny trend being towards the nurture of an online platform. Most Institutions currently offer fiscal solutions via furcatees as well as over the Internet. The appeal of online activity has in turn led issue of online wholly or virtual(prenominal) cashboxs. realistic Banks DefinedA virtual bank is one(a) that exists online only in which approximately wholly financial dealingss be conducted over the Internet. The differentiating factor for online banks is the absence of tangible branches and atmospheric states. Also referred to as admit banks, these entities offer identical products and services to its comp bed to traditional brick and mortar institutions. This take ons opening checking and graduate(prenominal) interest savings accounts with which bill payments, transfers, deposits and withdrawals can be made. Clients can access money via partner ATMs or attain hard currency back at lay of sale at certain merchants.Deposits ar made directly, by mailing a check, and partner ATMs. Moreover, investments, lending products and victor advice can be acquired with the several(prenominal) website. Furthermore, most virtual banks ar insured by the FDIC (Federal Depository Insurance Corporation). Brief History Banks began to effort online with the commercialization of the Internet in the 1990s. Traditional brick and mortar banks were seeking shipway to reduce cost simultaneously providing quality products and services. The solution was discovered by the development of an online system.Considering the success of the launch of online banking, institutions began to expand their online presence through website foundation garment and im cutments as well as by diversifying th eir online product and services offerings. spare- prison term activity the establishment of an easily accessible and profitable online banking structure, virtual online only banks emerged. These entities were fortunate in overhead cost reduction having only to support the costs of a single online computer net cultivate rather than those of operating physical branches and ATMs. This enabled the provision of high returns to their customers.The first fully functional direct bank insured by the FDIC was the guarantor First Network Bank, based in Atlanta, It began operations on October 18, 1995 and was eventually bought out despite having been the first to prove the viability of virtual banks. Competition The rise of online only banks has stimulated further emulation deep down the financial industry. These institutions face heavy competition from traditional counterparts who go past in both online and personal client service experience. Each provides respective turn a profits an d drawbacks however clients may choose to utilize both options and make transfers among the two.Major Players in that location are several major players at bottom the virtual banking fragment of the financial services industry. ING mail, is currently ranked first amongst competitors. HSBC strike follows ranked second. Others implicate Ally Bank, Banco Best, Discover Bank, First Direct etc. engagement Amongst Canadians somewhat Statistics Online banking is experiencing continuous and rapid growth. It has become the most popular means of conducting financial transactions. According to the Canadian Bankers Association, more than half of Canadians have intaked online banking within the last year.Its use is increasing amongst all age groups as the lighten and convenience of these innovations is valued. ? 47 per cent of Canadians now use the Internet as their main means of banking, up from only eight per cent 12 years ago. ? 53 per cent of young Canadians between the ages of 18 and 34 say online is their main way of banking as do 45 per cent of those 55 or older. ? 41 per cent of Canadians report that their use of online banking has increased, spot only four per cent say it is on the decline. (According to the Canadian Bankers Association) Benefits vs.Drawbacks of Virtual Banks Online banking websites are widely used in nowadayss society. The way in which individuals conduct transactions is dependent on accessibility and beat constraints. One must also consider desired return and the immenseness of disgrace interest rates. Customers must weigh the benefits and drawbacks of each option apply these criteria when choosing between a traditional branch system and an online only bank. There are both advantages and disadvantages in respect to virtual banks Advantages There are several benefits to using an online only bank.These include convenience, higher returns, ease of use and environmental friendliness. A. Convenience Online only banks are convenient fo r those subject to time constraints much(prenominal) as working long hours, attending school and pity for a family. Most branches are limited to open hours of between 8 am and 5 pm, and are jamd on weekends. These conflict with the work and school hours of many people. For this reason, numerous individuals are unable conduct their demand banking transactions at a branch. Moreover, branches may be difficult to surpass for the elderly and physically impaired.Virtual banks solve these issues by being accessible and working(a) 24hours a day, 7 days a week. Further, with the development of smart visit applications, Virtual banks have become even more advantageous in terms of convenience and accessibility. With the creation of a bank application the customer can easily access his bank account balance with a touch on his phone. B. Higher Returns and disdain Transaction Fees Customers can benefit from combative rates by bringing their business to virtual banks. Lower rates are offe red on loans as well as higher returns on savings accounts and investments.Direct banks can afford to provide their customers with these advantages due to the reduction of overhead costs caused by the elimination of branches and ATMs. These institutions spend significantly slight on human resources and equipment than do traditional banks. In addition to competitive rates, virtual banks do not impeach fees for financial transactions. A client may conduct an unlimited issuance of transfers, bill payments, deposits and withdrawals free of charge creating big savings for customers in turn. Compared to traditional banks, customers testament pay less(prenominal) for more. C. Ease of UseThe ease of use of virtual banking products and services is another major benefit. This is facilitated by the clarity, design and value added features of the respective banks website. start an account can be easily done on the institutions website submitting all rentd documentation over the net. The s teps for each desired transaction are included and help is provided upon request. Once familiar with the internet and website navigation, virtual banks are extremely easy to use. D. Environmentally Friendly Finally, Online-only banks prove to be an eco friendly alternative to traditional institutions.Paper waste is almost entirely eliminated as all required documents are directly uploaded and submitted through the respective banks website. There is no longer the need for transportation trim down fuel emitted by vehicles. Also, the elimination of branches and ATMs decrease requirements for technological equipment and thus lower energy consumption. Disadvantages Although the technological advancements of virtual banks have created much needed solutions for todays banking industry, some of its benefits are offset by several drawbacks.These include the lack of a personal experience, transaction problems, service issues, the learning hoist and online security. A. Face-to-Face Banking R elationship Virtual banks eliminate the face-to-face relationship that is created in the traditional banking environment. Building a relationship with bank representatives much(prenominal) as account managers, loan officers or tellers facilitate the process in which customers save banking take and are important to many people. Bank representatives resolve issues such as changing terms in their banking agreements or reversing undeserved fees.As well, these representatives run dead to know their clients better, and are able to tailor the banking services to their unique needs and personal circumstances. B. Transaction problems Complex transactions or errors may require direct and timely assistance from bank representatives. A traditional bank can be called for support or a visit to the branch can quickly solve the issue at hand. Customers of virtual banks do not have the option of attaining timely aid, as this requires waiting on the phone for a representative in hopes of solving the issue at hand.C. Service Issues Another disadvantage stems from the lack of human resources amongst virtual banks. disregarding of accessibility, certain transactions may require signatures or stamps from a financial institution in order to be touch on. These are transactions, which cannot be processed through a virtual bank. As well, traditional banks thrive on the provision of excellent customer service. This is a major factor in customer loyalty and retention as well the acquisition of parvenue long-term client relationships.Virtual banks cannot compete on this matter as only standard services are provided to all clients equally over an inert online venue. D. Learning Curve Most of the individuals who visit a branch regularly will find the transition to virtual banks quite complex at first. This is due to the fact that virtual banking pages can be hard to fly and might be complicated for those who are unfamiliar with the virtual bank page or the Internet in general. Co nsequently, time may be required for traditional bank users to adjust to this technologically advanced service.E. Online Security As a technological society, security has become a patriarchal concern to all Internet users across the globe. Issues ranging from fraud to identity stealth decrease consumer confidence in the Internet driven services offered in todays economy. Virtual banks are governed by the same laws and regulations implement by the FDIC within the traditional banking sector. Online banking accounts can be subject to hackers, phishing or malware that may disrupt processes or allow the processing of unauthorized activities within these accounts.Traditional banks offer solutions such as scanned copies of cleared checks to its clients in order to oppose fraud. Virtual banks cannot offer substantial record keeping measures as such to identify and prevent such interferences. Implementation of Virtual Banks in Canadian Banking System Given the advantages that online bank s provide, it is widely believed that most of retail banking operations will be done through electronic means in the near future. Does that necessarily cause open banks in Canada to look outdated and impel them to go out of business?In our point of view, those banks will ride out the major players in the future and the only change that we believe is discharge to take place is the adaptation of these banks to changes in technology and emergence trends. permits recall the introduction of access cards in the banking system. though this introduction brought a large amount of advantages with it, it was still confronted with considerable resistance. Today, we are to some extent in the same position. The trend of virtual banks is needs coming, but it also brings disadvantages into play, as previously discussed.Since it takes time for people to outsmart comfortable with new innovations, banks can establish a plan with short and long term goals to accommodate the changes in the indust ry. We believe the plan downstairs will help modernize the big banks in Canada towards the trend of Direct Banking. Create a parallel direct bank for the sole routine of virtual banking Our first suggested step is the creation of a banking line that solo operates online similar typical virtual banks. Customers are pass judgment to move their cash from conventional accounts to the online-only accounts because of their convenience and advantages.The cost of maintaining such virtual accounts is considerably lower hence banks can offer competitive rates as a tangible incentive for customers to switch to direct banking. Increase the number of ATM machines Banks should make it more convenient for their customers to access and deposit cash without having to go to a teller. ATM machines should be more available to stakeholders either through direct investment of the bank or through outsourcing to one of the established ATM Machine providers operating in Canada.This was the strategy o f American Direct Banks to ameliorate their service and attract even more customers. After all convenience is a key aspect clients look for when it comes to their banking choice. Reduce the number of branches In order to meet required profit margins, and given the incurred expenses caused by the additional benefits they will be offering (more competitive rates), banks are expected to cut their costs. Since operations will take place in a virtual environment, brick and mortar branches will become less necessary.Banks at that point can start merging their branches and close-down others. Downsizing of some locations could also be an option. For the above plan to be successful, it is essential to monitor the change in consumer preferences and implement each step accordingly. After establishing a plan, it is essential to direct the feasibility of it given the circumstances. The literacy rate in Canada has been 99% in 2003 and is close to perfect score nowadays (Gordon, 2003). Moreover, In 2010, close to 80% of Canadian households had access to the Internet (Statistics Canada Web, 2011).The country possesses one of the most advanced talk networks in the world making direct banking technically easy to get in and more importantly, logical. References Canadian Bankers Association. How Canadians Bank. November 9, 2012. http//www. cba. ca/en/media-room/50-backgrounders-on-banking-issues/125-technology-and-banking. Accessed November 18th, 2012 Canadian Internet Use Survey, May 25th, 2011. Statistics Canada Web. http//www. statcan. gc. ca/daily-quotidien/110525/dq110525b-eng. htm, accessed November 18th, 2012. Gordon, Elaine H. Gordon, Edward E. (2003). Literacy in America historic journey and contemporary solutions. New York Praeger. p. 255. ISBN0-275-97864-8. Investopedia. The Pros and Cons of Internet Banks. April 14, 2011. http//www. investopedia. com/articles/pf/11/benefits-and-drawbacks-of-internet-banks. asp. Accessed November 18th, 2012 Weisbaum, Herb. Looking for Better Rates? audit a Virtual Bank. July 29, 2009. http//www. msnbc. msn. com/id/32206206/ns/business-consumer_news/t/looking-better-rates-visit-virtual-bank/. UKRTuxzok1A. Accessed November 18th, 2012